Stalk sensor apparatus, systems, and methods

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods and apparatus for detecting stalks processed by a combine harvester, for measuring stalk diameters, and for displaying harvest metrics and yield data to a user based on stalk locations and stalk diameters.

BENEFIT CLAIM

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120 as acontinuation of application Ser. No. 15/853,371, filed Dec. 22, 2017,which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/137,989, filed Apr.25, 2016, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/360,209,filed May 22, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,322,629, issued Apr. 26, 2016,which is a national stage entry of PCT international applicationPCT/US2012/066279, filed Nov. 21, 2012, which claims the benefit ofprovisional 61/562,932, filed Nov. 22, 2011.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a combine harvester.

FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of a combine harvester.

FIG. 3A is a front perspective view of a corn head.

FIG. 3B is a front perspective view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 5 is a top view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 6 is a top view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 7A is front elevation view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 7B is a front elevation view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 8 is a partial bottom view of a corn head row unit.

FIG. 9A is a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of a stalk sensor.

FIG. 9B is a bottom perspective view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of an embodiment of a corn head rowunit with the stalk sensor of FIG. 9A mounted thereto.

FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the corn head row unit and stalk sensor ofFIG. 12.

FIG. 14A is a front perspective view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12interacting with a stalk.

FIG. 14B is a top view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12 interacting with astalk.

FIG. 15A is a front perspective view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12interacting with a stalk.

FIG. 15B is a top view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12 interacting with astalk.

FIG. 16A is a front perspective view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12interacting with a stalk.

FIG. 16B is a top view of the stalk sensor of FIG. 12 interacting with astalk.

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a stalk sensorsystem.

FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of the stalk sensor system of FIG.17 on a combine.

FIG. 19 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of aprocess for measuring stalk diameter.

FIG. 20A is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for enteringharvest monitor setup parameters.

FIG. 20B is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for entering stalkmeasurement system GPS offsets.

FIG. 21 is a plot of measured yield over time.

FIG. 22 illustrates another embodiment of a monitor screen displaying ayield map.

FIG. 23 illustrates the monitor screen of FIG. 22 displaying a yield mapat a different zoom level.

FIG. 24 illustrates another embodiment of a monitor screen displaying ayield map.

FIG. 25 illustrates another embodiment of a monitor screen displaying ayield map.

FIG. 26 is a schematic top view of a set of corn stalks divided intostalk blocks.

FIG. 27 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of aprocess for estimating yield.

FIG. 28A is a stalk diameter histogram.

FIG. 28B is a plot of stalk diameter against yield.

FIG. 29 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for reportingrow-specific harvest data.

FIG. 30 is a stalk diameter histogram.

FIG. 31 is a plot of yield against a cultivation variable.

FIG. 32 is a plot of yield and a planting variable over time.

FIG. 33 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of aprocess for determining yield loss and economic loss from cultivationvariables.

FIG. 34 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for displayingyield loss map.

FIG. 35 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for displaying acultivation variable map.

FIG. 36 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for displaying ayield loss map layered with a cultivation variable map.

FIG. 37 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for reportingharvest data.

FIG. 38 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for displaying acomparison of harvest data between multiple rows.

FIG. 39 is an embodiment of a monitor screen display for displaying avisualization of harvest data for a row.

FIG. 40 is a schematic top view of a set of stalks divided into rowblocks.

FIG. 41 illustrates an embodiment of a harvest map screen displayingplanting data indicating rows affected by tire compaction.

FIG. 42 is a front view of a combine row unit with an embodiment of anoptical stalk sensor mounted thereto.

FIG. 43 illustrates an optical stalk sensor signal.

FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment of a process for using a non-contactsensor to measure stalk diameter.

DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designateidentical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1illustrates a prior art agricultural combine 10 which is supported andpropelled by ground engaging wheels 14. Although the combine 10 isillustrated as being supported and propelled on ground engaging wheels14 it can also be supported and propelled by full tracks or halftracks.A harvesting assembly 16 is used to gather crop and to conduct it to afeederhouse 18. The crop is conducted by the feederhouse 18 to a beater20. The beater 20 guides the crop upwardly through an intake transitionregion 22 to a rotary threshing and separating assembly 24. In additionto rotary type combines such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, the priorart includes conventional combines having a transverse threshingcylinder and straw walkers or combines having a transverse threshingcylinder and rotary separator rotors.

The rotary threshing and separating assembly 24 comprises a rotorhousing 26 and a rotor 28 arranged in the rotor housing 26. Theharvested crop enters the rotor housing 26 through the intake transitionregion 22. The rotary threshing and separating assembly 24 threshes andseparates the harvested crop. Grain and chaff fall through grates at thebottom of the rotor housing onto a cleaning assembly 34. The cleaningassembly 34 removes the chaff and conducts the clean grain to a grainelevator 36 which conducts grain upwardly to a distributing screwconveyor 38. The distributing screw conveyor 38 deposits the clean grainin a grain tank 40. The clean grain in the grain tank 40 can be unloadedthrough an unloading auger 42 into a grain cart or auger wagon. Threshedstraw separated from the grain is conducted out of the rotary threshingand separating assembly 24 through an outlet to a discharge beater 46.The discharge beater 46 ejects the straw from a rearward end of thecombine 10.

The operation of the combine 10 is controlled from an operator's cab 48.A geographic position sensor in the form of a GPS receiver 50 for thereception of GPS (global positioning system) signals is attached abovethe operator's cab 48. Preferably mounted on one side of the clean grainelevator 36 is a capacitive moisture sensor 52 for measuring themoisture content of the clean grain. A yield sensor 54 is preferablylocated near the outlet of the clean grain elevator 36. In someembodiments, the yield sensor 54 comprises a sensor plate mounted fordeflection; the deflection of the yield sensor is dependent upon themass flow rate of the clean grain. The deflection of the impeller plateis measured and thus data on the mass flow rate of the harvested grainis provided.

A processor 56 located in the operator's cab 48 (or elsewhere on thecombine 10) is preferably in electrical communication with the GPSreceiver 50, the moisture sensor 52, and the yield sensor 54. Theprocessor 56 is provided with an internal clock or receives externaltime signals, for example from the receiver 50. The processor 56 recordsthe amount of harvested grain (measured by means of the yield sensor 54)and its moisture content (measured by means of the moisture sensor 52)dependent on the geographical position of the combine 10 (measured bymeans of the GPS receiver 50). The processor 56 logs the data andproduces a field summary. Thus, it is possible to create a yield mapwith the logged data.

FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B illustrate a prior art combine 10 in which theharvesting assembly 16 comprises a corn head. The illustrated corn headincludes four row units 90 disposed between five row dividers 88. Earsof corn are stripped from each of the four rows by a row unit 90 andthen carried by an auger 87 to a trough 82 of the corn head 16 and tothe feederhouse 18.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are perspective and top views, respectively, of a cornhead row unit 90. The row unit 90 is similar to that disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,878,561, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporatedherein in its entirety by reference. Each row unit 90 includes left andright frame portions 92 on which are supported left and right guide andidler assemblies 94 a and 94 b. The guide and idler assemblies 94support left and right gathering chains 96 a and 96 b for drivenrotation. The gathering chains 96 include a series of gathering fingers95. Left and right stripper plates 93 a and 93 b are mounted to the leftand right frame portions 92.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the row unit 90 with the stripper plates 93 aand 93 b removed, revealing left and right stalk rollers 98 a and 98 b.Each stalk roller 98 preferably includes a threaded stalk gripper 99.The stalk rollers 98 are mounted to the row unit 90 for driven rotationby a prime mover (no shown). In operation, after stalks are gathered inbetween the stripper plates 93, the stalks are gripped by the stalkgrippers 99. The stalks are then drawn downward by the stalk rollers 98;corn ears attached to the stalks are detached from the stalks andretained above the stripper plates 93 while the stalks are drawn belowthe stripper plates and discarded. Gathering fingers 95 draw the earsrearward toward the auger 87.

FIGS. 7A and 8 are front and bottom views, respectively, of the row unit90. The row unit 90 includes left and right floor portions 86 a and 86b. Floor portions 86 are attached to the frame portions 92 by bolts 85.The floor portions 86 are not shown in FIG. 7B in order to provide anunobstructed view of the stalk rollers 98 and stalk grippers 99.

Mechanical Sensor Apparatus

A stalk sensor 300 b is illustrated in FIG. 9A. The stalk sensor 300 bincludes a housing 310 and a cover 312. Turning to FIGS. 9B and 10, inwhich the cover 312 is removed, a pin 346 is rotatably mounted to thehousing 310. A spring 320 is mounted to a platform 314, which platformis preferably formed as a part of housing 310. The spring 320 preferablycontacts a flat portion 342 of the pin 346. A sensor tube 330 ispreferably housed within the housing 315. A feeler 315 is preferablymounted to the pin 346 by a stem 344.

FIG. 11 illustrates a bottom view of the stalk sensor 300 b with thecover 312 removed. A circuit board 332 is preferably mounted withinsensor tube 330. A sensor 335 is mounted to the circuit board 332. Thesensor 335 is in electrical communication with the circuit board. Thesensor 335 is preferably a sensor adapted to generate a signalproportional to the strength of a magnetic field proximate to thesensor, such as a Hall-effect sensor. A magnet 322 is mounted to thespring 320. As the feeler 315 rotates with the pin 346, the flat portion342 (not shown in FIG. 10) of pin 346 deflects the spring 320. An axisAp preferably defines the position of feeler 315 for which the spring320 is at its least deflected (i.e., most relaxed) state. As the feeler315 rotates through an increasing angle w from the axis Ap, the spring320 deflects such that a distance Dh between the magnet 322 and thesensor 335 decreases. Thus, the distance Dh is inversely related to theangle w.

Comparing FIG. 7A with FIG. 12, two stalk sensors 300 a and 300 b(together referred to herein as a single stalk sensor 300) arepreferably installed in the combine row unit 90. The sensors 300 a and300 b are mounted to brackets 330 a and 330 b, respectively. Brackets330 a and 330 b are mounted to the row unit frame portions 92 a and 92b, respectively. Mounting of each bracket 330 is preferably accomplishedby removing the bolt 85 and the floor portion 86, placing the bracketagainst the frame portion 92, and bolting the floor portion 86 to theframe portion through a hole (not shown) in the bracket.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the brackets 330 are configured such that thesensors 300 a and 300 b are disposed with their respective feelers 315overlapping in the transverse direction. Turning to FIG. 13, the sensors300 a, 300 b are mounted to the brackets 330 such that the feelers 315 aand 315 b also overlap in the travel direction in their undisturbedstate. Continuing to refer to FIG. 13, the feelers 315 are indicated intheir displaced state in dashed lines. The illustrated displacementwould correspond to the maximum displacement imposed by a stalk having adiameter equal to the transverse distance between the stripper plates 93a and 93 b.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 13, a plane Pf corresponds to a positionalong the path of stalk travel at which the stalk is at least partiallytransversely constrained by the stripper plates 93. A plane Prcorresponds to a position along the path of stalk travel prior to thestalk grippers 99 a, 99 b. As illustrated, the sensors 300 a, 300 b arepreferably disposed such that the range of motion (e.g., between thesolid-line and dashed-line positions in FIG. 13) of feelers 315 lies ina sensing region Rs between planes Pf and Pr.

Turning to FIGS. 14A through 16B, the action by which the feelers 315are displaced is illustrated. FIGS. 14A, 15A, and 16A illustrate frontperspective views of a stalk sensor 300 comprising left and rightsensors 300 a and 300 b as a stalk 25 moves through the row unit 90.FIGS. 14B, 15B, and 16B illustrate top views of a stalk sensor 300comprising left and right sensors 300 a and 300 b as a stalk 25 movesthrough the row unit 90. In FIGS. 14A and 14B, a stalk 25 is about tocontact the feelers 315 a and 315 b. In FIGS. 15A and 15B, the stalk 25has moved farther through the row unit 90 and thereby deflected thefeelers 315. In FIGS. 16A and 16B, the stalk 25 has deflected bothfeelers 315 to the maximum extent before allowing the feelers to bereturned to their undisturbed state by the springs 320 (FIG. 11). Themaximum deflection of the feeler arms 315 a, 315 b by the stalk 25 isrepresented by the angles Wa, Wb, respectively.

Stalk Measurement Systems

A stalk measurement system 100 incorporating a series of stalk sensors300 is illustrated in FIG. 17. The stalk sensors 300 are preferably inelectrical communication with a monitor board 250. As discussedelsewhere herein, each stalk sensor 300 preferably comprises a pair ofstalk sensors 300 a, 300 b. The monitor board 250 preferably includes aCPU and a memory. The monitor board 250 is preferably in electricalcommunication with a harvest monitor 200. The harvest monitor 200preferably includes a processor 202, a memory 204, and a graphical userinterface (GUI) 206. The harvest monitor 200 also preferably includes awireless communication device, removable memory port (e.g., USB port),or other device for transmitting data to and from the harvest monitor200. It should be appreciated in light of the instant disclosure thatthe monitor board 250 and harvest monitor 200 may be combined in asingle piece of hardware in some embodiments. The monitor board 250 ispreferably in electrical communication with the yield sensor 54 and themoisture sensor 52. The yield sensor 54 may be an impact-type yieldsensor configured to generate a signal proportional to the mass flowrate of grain through the clean grain elevator as is known in the art(such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,250), or may compriseanother sensor configured to measure the rate at which grain isharvested. The monitor board 250 is preferably in electricalcommunication with a speed sensor 105, which may comprise a radar speedsensor as is known in the art. The monitor board 250 is preferably inelectrical communication with the receiver 50, which may comprise adevice configured to receive and interpret signals from GPS or othersatellite-based positioning systems (e.g., GLONASS or Galileo).

The stalk measurement system 100 is shown installed on a combine 10having four row units 90 in FIG. 18. Each stalk sensor 300 is preferablymounted to a row unit 90. Although a four-row combine is illustratedherein, embodiments with greater numbers of row units and correspondingstalk sensors is possible using the same principles described herein.The monitor board 250 is preferably mounted inside the cab 48 of thecombine. The harvest monitor 200 is preferably mounted inside the cab 48within the view of the operator. The positioning system is preferablymounted to the roof of the combine cab 48. The speed sensor 105 ispreferably mounted to the underside of the combine 10. The yield sensor54 is mounted within the combine, preferably intercepting or interactingwith the flow of grain as illustrated in FIG. 1.

Stalk Measurement Methods

Turning to FIG. 19, a process 2100 is illustrated for measuring stalkwidth using a system such as the stalk measurement system 100. At step2103, the monitor board records the position of the combine 10 atdiscrete times using the signal from the GPS receiver 50. At step 2105,the monitor board 250 monitors the positions of each feeler 315 of thestalk sensors 300 a,b from each row unit 90, preferably by monitoringthe signals generated by each sensor 335. As described elsewhere herein,the signal generated by each sensor 335 is proportional to the angle ofdisplacement w (FIG. 11) of the associated feeler 315. At step 2110, themonitor board preferably determines whether each feeler 315 has passed athreshold displacement, e.g., 2 degrees from the undisturbed position(along axis Ap, FIG. 11) by comparing the signal from each sensor 335 toa baseline. Once the threshold for either feeler 315 a, 315 b of anystalk sensor 300 has exceeded the threshold, at step 2115 the monitorboard 250 preferably records the displacement of both feelers 315 a, 315b of the stalk sensor 300. At step 2120, the monitor board 250preferably determines whether both feelers 315 a, 315 b have returnedwithin a threshold angle w (e.g., 2 degrees) of the undisturbedposition. Once the feelers 315 are both below the thresholddisplacement, at step 2125 the monitor board 250 stores the maximumdisplacement Wa, Wb (FIG. 16B) of each feeler 315 a, 315 b and at step2130 stores the time of the maximum displacement of the feelers 315. Atstep 2135, the monitor board 250 preferably calculates the diameter ofthe stalk 25.

In accomplishing step 2135, the diameter Ds of the stalk 25 may bemeasured using the maximum deflection angles Wa, Wb (FIG. 16B) of feelerarms 315 a, 315 b caused by the stalk as it moves through the row unit90 using the relationship:

Ds=Dt−L(sin(Wa)+sin(Wb))

-   -   Where (as illustrated in FIG. 16B):        -   L represents the length of the feelers 315;        -   Dt represents the total distance between the feeler rotation            axes            -   (i.e., between the axes of rotation of the pins 346).        -   The values of Dt and L are preferably pre-loaded in the            memory 204.

At step 2140, the monitor board preferably associates the measured stalkdiameter with a position in the field by matching the time of maximumdisplacement of one of the feelers 315 to a position recorded byposition sensor 105.

System Setup and Configuration

As illustrated in FIGS. 20A and 20B, the harvest monitor 200 preferablydisplays a series of setup screens allowing the user to provide setupand configuration inputs to the harvest monitor. As illustrated in FIG.20A, a setup screen 1910 allows the user to select the applicablecombine make, combine model, header make, header model and yield sensormodel using drop down menu bars 1918. When the operator presses orotherwise selects one of the menu bars 1918, a drop down menu 1916 ispreferably displayed such that the operator may select from a set ofrelevant choices. Once the combine header configuration is entered bythe user, the system 100 preferably identifies a system variable (e.g.,the distance Dt) based on the user input. The planting file selectionbar 1912 preferably allows the user to enter a file name of a plantingfile containing planting-related data such as seed placement, locationof metering errors, population, seed type, and the location of plantertire tracks. The field boundary selection bar 1914 enables the user toselect a field boundary file corresponding to a field to be harvested.It should be appreciated that the planting file may be provided usingthe removable memory port or other device provided in the harvestmonitor 200. Turning to FIG. 20B, a setup screen 1920 allows the user toenter GPS offsets for use by the harvest monitor 200 in determining thelocation of each stalk sensor 300. For example, using entry fields 1922,the operator may enter the forward distance D1 between the GPS receiver50 and the stalk sensors 300, the transverse distance D2 between the GPSreceiver and the left-most stalk sensor 300, and the transversedistances D3,D4,D5 between the stalk sensors 300.

Stalk Yield Estimation Methods

As the combine 10 traverses the field, the harvest monitor 200preferably records the yield over time using the signal from the yieldsensor 54 as is known in the art. Turning to FIG. 21, the recorded yielddata corresponds to a yield curve 3110. As indicated on the x-axis ofthe plot, the yield curve 3110 is preferably shifted by a machine offset(e.g., 7 seconds) corresponding to a grain processing delay between thetime at which stalks 25 enter the row units 90 and the time at whichgrain from the stalks reaches the yield sensor 54. Over each recordingperiod Tb (e.g., 1 second) the harvest monitor preferably records anaverage yield (block yield Yb) corresponding to the average value ofyield curve 110 during the recording period (in FIG. 21, between timest1 and t2 marking the beginning and end of the recording period Tb).

Turning to FIG. 22, the harvest monitor 200 preferably displays a yieldmap screen 1810 including a yield map 1815. The yield map 1815corresponds to a harvested area of a field and includes yield blocks1818. The mapped spatial area of yield blocks 1818 preferably)corresponds to the area harvested by the combine 10 during discreterecording periods Tb (FIG. 21). The block yield Yb associated with eachyield block 1818 corresponds to the average yield during the associatedrecording period Tb; e.g., the average yield recorded in the yield blockindicated by the reference numeral 1812 was 140 bushels per acre. Itshould be appreciated that in preferred mapping techniques, each yieldblock is colored according to a color-yield legend in order to moreclearly indicate spatial variation in yield.

In FIG. 23, the yield map screen is zoomed in (using a magnificationfeature preferably provided by the harvest monitor 200) to thepreviously identified yield block 1812. Turning to FIG. 24, a screen1820 preferably displays the yield block 1812 broken down into stalkblocks 1822, each having a spatial area associated with an individualstalk 25. The harvest monitor 200 preferably associates a stalk-specificyield value (referred to herein as stalk yield Ys) to each stalk block1822, preferably denominated in bushels per acre. Turning to FIG. 25, ascreen 1830 is illustrated in which the harvest monitor 200 uses thestalk-specific yield values to graphically depict the yield block 1812as having multiple yield zones with different yield ranges (e.g., zone1832 and zone 1836, separated by boundary 1834) rather than a singleyield zone. In this way, the yield map 1810 is provided with increasedresolution both along and transverse to the harvesting travel direction.

In order to break a yield block 1812 into stalk blocks 1822 withassociated stalk yield estimates, the harvest monitor 200 preferablyestimates the yield associated with each stalk 25 based on the diameterof the stalk. Referring to FIG. 26, each stalk 25 (e.g., 25-1 and 25-2)within the yield block 1812 has a measured diameter D (e.g., D1 and D2).Each stalk block 1822 has an area determined by the product of (a) thespacing S (e.g., S1 and S2) between the midpoints between the stalk 25in the stalk block 1822 and the stalks subsequent and prior to the stalkand (b) the row spacing R between the rows of stalks.

A process 2200 for estimating the yield of each stalk is illustrated inFIG. 27. At step 2100, the monitor board 250 begins recording theposition of and diameter of each stalk 25 as described herein withrespect to FIG. 19. At step 2010, the monitor board begins recording thesignal from the yield sensor 54 to generate a yield curve 3110 (FIG.21). At step 2300 the harvest monitor 200 places a yield block 1812 onthe yield map 1815 (FIG. 22) by mapping the area harvested by the cornhead 16 during the recording period 21, and associates an average yieldYb with the stalk step 1812. At step 2020 the harvest monitor 200associates stalks 25 with yield blocks 1812, preferably by determiningwhether the time t-s of each stalk event (e.g., times t-s1 through t-sncorresponding to stalks 25-1 through 25-n) falls between the extents t1and t2 of the block recording period Tb (see FIG. 21). At step 2025, theharvest monitor 200 determines the dimensions R and S of each stalkblock, preferably using the distance between recorded position ofsubsequent plants as well as the transverse row width.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 27 and the process 2200, at step 2030 theharvest monitor 2030 preferably apportions the yield Yb of the yieldblock 1812 based on a relationship between stalk diameter and yield.Such a relationship is illustrated in FIG. 28B, in which acharacteristic 4110 relates stalk diameter to stalk yield. An initialcharacteristic 4110 is preferably determined empirically and pre-loadedinto the memory of the harvest monitor 200; in some embodiments theharvest monitor may select between multiple pre-loaded characteristicsappropriate for various hybrids, population rates and other variables.

Continuing to refer to step 2030, once the harvest monitor 200 haslooked up an estimated yield value for each stalk 25 using thecharacteristic 4110, the harvest monitor 200 preferably scales all ofthe stalk yields in the stalk block 1812 so that the average of theestimated stalk yields is equal to the block yield Yb measured by theyield sensor 54. Thus the scaled individual stalk yield Ys-n of a stalkblock 1822-n corresponding to a stalk 25-n in a stalk block 1812 havingN stalks 25 of unscaled yield Ys may be represented by a relation suchas

$Y_{s - n} = {Y_{s}\frac{NYb}{\sum\limits_{n = 1}^{N}{Yn}}}$

-   -   Where:

$Y_{s} = \frac{f({Ds})}{RS}$

and

-   -   f(Ds) is an empirical relationship such as the stalk        diameter-yield relationship 4110 (FIG. 28B). At step 2035, the        harvest monitor 200 preferably displays an initial yield map        based on these yield estimates determined at step 2030.

In order to improve the yield relationship 4110 for the current field,the harvest monitor 200 preferably performs optional steps 2040 through2055 of process 2200. At step 2040, the harvest monitor 200 gathersadditional data points 4105 (FIG. 28B) in the diameter-yieldrelationship by recording the block yield Yb and an average stalkdiameter Da for each yield block. At step 2045, the harvest monitor 200preferably filters data points 4105 using a statistical criterion. FIG.28A depicts a histogram 4210 in which each data point 4205 representsthe number of stalks 25 in a given stalk block 1812 having a diameterwithin set of ranges. Using a statistical function as is known in theart, the harvest monitor preferably determines the standard deviation σof stalk diameters for the yield block 1812 about the mean μ of thehistogram. If the standard deviation σ of stalk diameters in a givenyield block exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., 0.25μ or 0.5 cm) then thedata point 4105 corresponding to the stalk block is preferably filteredout, i.e., not used to update the stalk yield-diameter relationship4110. After a set of filtered data points have been acquired, at step2050 the harvest monitor 200 preferably updates the yield-diameterrelationship 4110 and repeats the step of step 2030 in order to updatethe stalk yields Ys based on the new yield-diameter relationship. Atstep 2055 the harvest monitor preferably displays an updated yield mapbased on the updated stalk yields Ys.

Harvest Information Screens

In addition to the yield map screen 1810, the harvest monitor 200preferably displays multiple harvest information screens including rowdetails screen 1200 such as that illustrated in FIG. 29, whichillustrates the details of a specific row unit (“the active combinerow”) 90-1 of a four-row combine 10 (FIG. 18).

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a planter row window1210 which identifies the planter row (e.g., 12) that planted the rowbeing harvested by the active combine row 90-1. The harvest monitorpreferably compares the position and direction of the active combine rowto the position and direction of the planter during each planter passusing the planting file to determine which planter pass corresponds tothe pass of the active row. Once a planter pass has been identified, theharvest monitor 200 preferably compares the position of the active rowto the range of positions of each planter row unit during the identifiedpass in order to determine which planter row unit planted the row beingharvested by the active combine row unit.

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a population window 1205which displays the actual population determined by the stalk measurementsystem 100 and the as-planted population recorded during planting. Theharvest monitor 200 preferably consults the planting file to determinethe “as-planted” population for the population (either as-commanded oras-detected) corresponding to the location of the active combine row.The harvest monitor 200 preferably determines the “actual” population bycounting the stalks 25 sensed by the stalk sensor 300 of the active rowover a predetermined travel distance (e.g., 30 feet) and multiplying bythe row spacing R (FIG. 26). The step of counting the stalks 25 ispreferably accomplished by adding a value (e.g., 1) to a stalk countstored in the memory 204 when the presence of a stalk is verified (e.g.,by recording a stalk diameter above a minimum threshold such as 0.3inches). The stalk count is preferably associated with the predeterminedtravel distance prior to the current location of the combine. The stalkcount is also preferably associated with a region in the field beingharvested. It should be appreciated that where the stalk count is usedto determine the actual population, the actual population comprises aharvest metric based on the stalk count.

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes an emergence window 1215that displays the percentage of seeds planted that emerged intoharvestable stalks. The harvest monitor preferably determines theemergence percentage by dividing the actual population by the as-plantedpopulation (both of which may be determined as described above withrespect to the population window 1205).

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a spacing window 1245that displays an “actual” spacing criterion representing the consistencyof spacing between plants in the active row as measured by the stalkmeasurement system 100, an “as-planted” good spacing criterion, as wellas the number of “doubles” (seeds planted close together) and “skips”(gaps without seed placement) detected by the stalk measurement system100. The actual spacing criterion may be measured using the methods ofrecording and counting misplaced seeds disclosed in Applicant'sco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/522,252 (Publication No.2010/10667) (“the '252 application”), the disclosure of which is herebyincorporated herein in its entirety by reference. but measuring thetimes between the stalk locations detected by the stalk sensor 300rather than the times between seed placement locations determined by aplanter seed sensor. The “as planted” good spacing criterion, thepercentage of doubles, and the percentage of skips for the currentposition in the field may be obtained from the planting file for therelevant planter row determined as described with respect to planter rowwindow 1210.

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a stalk width window1240 that displays the current stalk width average of the most recentgroup of detected stalks and the average stalk width for the field. Thestalk measurement system 100 records the diameters of the stalks asdescribed herein with respect to FIG. 19. To determine the current stalkwidth average, the stalk measurement system 100 calculates the averageof the most recent calculated diameters (e.g., the diameters of theprevious 50 stalks). The size of the group is preferably adjustable bythe user in a setup phase. To determine the field stalk width average,the stalk measurement system associates stalks to the current field(e.g., by comparing the stalks to a field boundary provided by the userin a setup phase) and calculates the average diameter of the stalks inthe field. The illustrated indications in the stalk width window 1240related to “full-ear” stalk width are discussed later herein.

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a current ears window1225 that displays the number of “full-ear” stalks, “half-ear” stalks,and “no-ear” stalks in the last group of harvested stalks (e.g., theprevious 30 stalks). Turning to FIG. 30, a histogram 4610 of the mostrecently measured stalks is illustrated in which each data point 4625represents the number of stalks having a stalk yield within a particularrange. The stalk yield of each stalk is determined as described hereinwith respect to FIG. 27. The harvest monitor 200 preferably includesempirically determined thresholds Xu and Xo in memory which define threeregions Rne, Rhe, and Rfe. The harvest monitor preferably categorizesstalks having stalk yields Ys within regions Rne, Rhe, and Rfe as havingno ear, a half ear, and a full ear, respectively. The percentagesdisplayed in current ears window 1225 preferably correspond to thepercentages of ears in the last group of ears cagegorized as no-ear,half-ear and full-ear stalks. The thresholds Xu and Xo may comprise anyof the following: multiples or fractions of the standard deviation σadded to or subtracted from the mean μ, multiples or fractions of themean μ, or constant numerical yield minimums corresponding tominimum-sized “full ears” and “half ears,” respectively.

Returning briefly to the stalk width window 1240, the stalk widthcorresponding to the “full-ear” stalk yield discussed above ispreferably displayed therein. The harvest monitor 200 preferablydetermines the full-ear stalk diameter by consulting a yield-diameterrelationship such as the characteristic 4110 described with respect toFIG. 28B. The mean stalk width μ is preferably divided by the “full-ear”stalk width and the result is preferably displayed as the percentage of“full-ear” stalk diameter (e.g., 94%) in the stalk width window 1240.

The row details screen 1200 preferably displays an ear count window 1212in which the total number of ears per acre Et is displayed, e.g.,

${Et} = \frac{\sum{Yn}}{({Yfe})(R)({Lg})}$

-   -   Where:        -   R is the transverse row spacing;        -   Lg is the length along the direction of travel of the group            of stalks (e.g., 50) over which the number of half-ears ears            is counted;        -   Yfe is the full-ear stalk yield.

The row details screen preferably displays a stalk variation window 1235that displays the variation in stalk width. The stalk variation (e.g.,0.07 inches in FIG. 29) is preferably related to a statisticalindication of the variation in stalk width for the previous group ofstalks (e.g., 50 stalks) in the active combine row. In the illustratedexample, the harvest monitor 200 calculates the standard deviation σ(FIG. 28A) of stalk diameters and displays the value of σ as the stalkvariation in inches. The harvest monitor 200 also preferably calculatesthe mean stalk width μ and displays the percentage of variation from themean, i.e., 100(σ/μ) (e.g., 9% in FIG. 29).

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes a yield contributionwindow 1230 which displays the contribution of the active combine row tothe total yield currently reported by the yield sensor 54. To calculatea row yield contribution percentage Ycn for a given row unit 90-n in acombine having N rows, the harvest monitor 200 preferably first averagesthe stalk yield Ys from the last group of stalks (e.g., 50) for each rowunit 90-n of the combine head to obtain an average row yield Yn for eachrow and then uses the relation:

${Ycn} = {100\; \frac{NYn}{\sum\limits_{1}^{N}{Yn}}}$

It should be appreciated that the yield contribution percentage Ycncomprises harvest data (or a “harvest metric”) based on the stalkdiameters measured by the stalk measurement system 100.

The row details screen 1200 preferably includes an economic loss window1255 which preferably displays a total planting-related economic lossand a correlation of economic loss to a variable representing a specificplanting process characteristic or error. Such variables preferablyinclude margin (downforce on row unit gauge wheels in excess of thatrequired to ensure proper planting depth), ground contact percentage(the percentage of time in which proper planting depth is ensured), orcompaction from planter tires adjacent to the active row; othervariables are discussed in detail in the '252 application.

Turning to FIG. 32, row-specific planting-related data (e.g., margindata set 3120) obtained from the planting file may be compared over thesame range of positions in which a row-specific yield data set 3115 isobtained by the stalk measurement system 100. The row-specific yielddata set 3115 may be generated by associating the stalk yield(determined as discussed elsewhere herein) with the location of eachrespective stalk.

Turning to FIG. 31, each planting-related data set (e.g., margin dataset 3120) may be used with the yield data set 3115 to generate acorrelation data set 4700 consisting of data points 4720. It should beappreciated that yield data from multiple rows may be used to developsuch a correlation. Turning to FIG. 33, a process 4800 for determiningeconomic loss from such a correlation data set is illustrated. At step4810, the harvest monitor 200 preferably determines the closestrelationship (e.g., relationship 4710 in FIG. 31) using least squaresregression or other curve-fit methods known in the art. It should beappreciated that the relationship 4710 may be of any power includingfirst-, second- or third-order, and the harvest monitor 200 may alsoinclude a limitation in memory of the maximum order relationship to beused to correlate a particular variable to yield. At step 4820, theharvest monitor 200 preferably determines the quality of fit (e.g., ther-squared value) between the relationship 4710 and the correlation dataset 4700 for each variable. At step 4830, the harvest monitor 200preferably compares the quality of fit for each variable to a minimumthreshold (e.g., an r-squared value of 0.8) such that relationshipswhose fit quality is less than the applicable minimum threshold areignored.

At step 4835, the harvest monitor 200 preferably calculates a positionalyield loss Yd associated with each variable having a relationship thatpassed the filtering step of step 4830. Briefly returning to FIG. 31,this step may be accomplished by determining a theoretical maximum yieldYm associated with an ideal value Vi of the variable (e.g., one pound ofmargin), determining an actual yield Ya associated with the currentposition in the field, and determining a yield loss Yd represented bythe difference between the maximum yield Ym and the actual yield Ya. Atstep 4840, the harvest monitor 200 preferably calculates an economicloss associated with each variable by multiplying the yield loss Yd by apre-loaded commodity price. At step 4845, the harvest monitor preferablydisplays the contribution of variables to the total yield or economicloss attributable to the planting process. For example, the losscorrelation bar 1250 in population window 1255 (FIG. 29) provides avisual indication of the variables correlated to yield loss and theirrelative contribution to yield loss; in FIG. 29, the loss correlationbar illustrates that tire tracks, margin and ground contact arerespectively the largest, second-largest, and third-largest causes ofyield loss, respectively. The loss correlation bar 1250 preferably doesnot display variables whose correlation to yield was filtered out atstep 4830. At step 4850, the harvest monitor preferably displays the sumof economic or yield loss attributable to the planting process; in FIG.29, the total economic loss is $2.51 per acre.

In some embodiments, the correlation between planting process variablesand yield loss is displayed spatially to the user. Referring to FIG. 34,map screen 1600 displays a field map 1620 including yield loss polygons1625. Yield loss polygons 1625 are preferably generated by includingeach area of the field in which the total yield loss exceeds a thresholdvalue (e.g., 10 bushels per acre). Referring to FIG. 35, a map screen1500 displays a field map 1520 including ground contact loss polygons1525. Ground contact loss polygons 1625 may be generated by includingeach area of the field in which the planter row unit ground contact wasless than a threshold value (e.g., 80%). Turning to FIG. 36, map screen1700 displays both field maps 1520 and 1620. A region 1710 of spatialoverlap between polygons 1625 and 1525 displays an area of correlationbetween ground contact and yield loss to the operator. It should beappreciated that different hatching, coloring, or shading of polygonsmay be used to indicate areas of overlap to the user. In addition,polygons 1625,1525 may be shaded to represent increasing levels of yieldloss and ground contact loss such that the shading of overlap region1710 represents the strength of correlation between ground contact andyield loss.

Turning to FIG. 37, an overview screen 1100 is illustrated. The overviewscreen includes a population window 1115, a stalk width window 1105, anemergence window 1110, an economic loss window 1120, a stalk variationwindow 1130, and a field ears window 1135, which apply the algorithmsused in the corresponding row detail windows (described herein withrespect to FIG. 29) to data from all rows rather than a single row. Theoverview windows also preferably display which row currently at whichthe highest and/or lowest value of the relevant criterion is measured;for example, the emergence window 1110 displays the overall emergencepercentage for all rows, the row number (2) of the row exhibiting thelowest emergence percentage, as well as the emergence percentage (88%)for that row. In addition, the yield window 1125 preferably displays thecurrent yield being reported by the yield sensor 54 as well as the highand low row yield contributions.

In addition to displaying the high and low row values as described abovewith respect to FIG. 36, the harvest monitor 200 preferably displays arow-by-row comparison for various harvest criteria. Turning to FIG. 38,a row comparison screen 1300 preferably includes yield row comparison1310 and an emergence row comparison 1320. Bars 1312,1322 visuallyillustrate the variation of the criterion for the row unit from theaverage value for all the row units. Hatching of the bars labeled1312,1322 visually indicates that the associated row exhibits the mostnegative variation of the criterion from the average.

Turning to FIG. 39, the harvest monitor 200 preferably displays a rowvisualization screen 1400 visually illustrating stalk spacing and earquality for individual rows. The visualization screen 1400 includes arow illustration 1420 in which full-ear pictograms 1422, half-earpictograms 1426 and no-ear stalk pictograms 1428 illustrate the locationalong a scale 1410 at which a stalk with yields corresponding to fullears, half-ears and no-ear stalks, respectively. The position of eachpictogram along scale 1410 preferably corresponds to the currentdistance by which the stalk sensor 300 has passed the stalk 25associated with the pictogram. Skip pictogram 1412 indicates locationsat which a skip occurred during planting. Emergence failure pictogram1416 indicates a location in which a seed was planted according to theplanting file but failed to emerge according to the stalk sensor 300.Empty stalk pictogram 1414 comprises an alarm indicating a no-ear stalk.

Alternative Stalk Measurement Apparatus and Methods

In other stalk measurement system embodiments, alternative stalkmeasurement devices are used report data to the user as disclosedherein. For example, an optical stalk measurement device 300′ isillustrated in FIG. 42 installed in combine row unit 90. The opticalstalk measurement device 300′ includes an emitter 300 a′ mounted to abracket 330 a′ and a receiver 300 b′ mounted to a bracket 330 b′. Inother embodiments the stalk measurement device 300′ may be mounted tothe undersides of the stripper plates 93. The emitter 300 a′ andreceiver 300 b′ may comprise a Mini-Beam emitter Model No. SM31EL andMini-Beam receiver Model No. SM31RL available from Banner Engineering inMinneapolis, Minn. The brackets 330 are mounted between frame portions92 and floor portions 86 of the row unit 90. The emitter and receiver300 a′,300 b′ are disposed such that light emitted along an axis Ab fromthe emitter is received by an infrared sensor in the receiver. Thereceiver 300 b′ is preferably configured to generate a signalproportional to the intensity of light provided by the emitter 300 a′.The receiver 300 b′ is preferably in electrical communication with themonitor board 250.

Turning to FIG. 43, a signal 2500 from the receiver 300 b′ over time isillustrated during a period in which a stalk has passed through theoptical stalk sensor 300′. A baseline Vb of the signal 2500 is obtainedwhen unobstructed light travels between the emitter 300 a′ and receiver300 b′. Turning to FIG. 44, a process 2550 for measuring a stalkdiameter is illustrated. At step 2552, the monitor board 250 preferablydetermines the value of the baseline signal 2552. The baseline Vb may bea value measured while the combine speed is in excess of likelyharvesting speed or may be pre-loaded into the memory of the monitorboard 250. At step 2555, the monitor board 250 preferably recordsrecords the time t1 of a first signal crossing of a trigger value Vt.The trigger value Vt may be a multiple of the baseline signal, e.g.,0.6Vb. At step 2560, the monitor board 250 preferably records recordsthe time t2 of a second signal crossing of the trigger value Vt. At step2565, the monitor board 250 preferably determines the period Ts of theobstruction and preferably determines the distance traveled during theobstruction, either by integrating the combine speed signal from t1 tot2 or by determining the difference in position reported by the receiver52 from t1 to t2. At step 2570, the monitor board 250 preferablydetermines whether the measured distance is within a diameter rangepotentially corresponding to a stalk, e.g., 0.75 cm to 3.0 cm. If themeasurement is outside the predefined range, then at step 2575 themeasurement is discarded. If the measurement is within the predefinedrange, then at step 2577 the monitor board preferably stores the stalklocation (preferably corresponding to the midpoint between the positionsof the stalk sensor 300′ at times t1 and t2) and increases a stalk countstored in the memory 204 by one. It should be appreciated that themonitor board 250 may use the stalk count independently of the diametermeasurement in order to determine such values as the emergence andactual population values described herein. At step 2580 the stalkdiameter is preferably stored and associated with the stalk location.

It should be appreciated that the methods described with respect to FIG.44 may be used with other stalk sensors replacing the optical stalkmeasurement device 300′. For example, a capacitive sensor such as thatdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,073,427 may be used to obtain a signalproportional to the capacitance of a sensing region, thus indicating thepresence of stalks adjacent to the sensor.

As discussed above with respect to FIG. 26, the stalk measurement system100 may record stalk diameter data for individual stalk blocks 1822.Referring to 5, in other embodiments the stalk measurement system mayrecord stalk diameter data in row blocks 1860 including multiple stalks.The stalk measurement system 300 preferably associates a stalk diametervalue to each row block 1860 corresponding to the average diameter ofthe stalks 25 contained within the row block. The row blocks arepreferably created at regular time intervals (e.g., 1 Hertz) such thatthe length Lr of the row blocks 1860 varies with the speed of thecombine 10. The calculations described herein using stalk blocks mayinstead be performed using row blocks.

As discussed above with respect to FIG. 31, a correlation between yieldand different planting process variables may be determined by plottingyield against each variable. In some embodiments this may be achieved byplotting a variable for one planter row against the yield for that row,or by plotting a variable for all planter rows against yield for allplanter rows. In alternative embodiments, particularly where a variableaffects specific known rows, the correlation between yield and thevariable may be accomplished by comparing yields for rows affected bythe variable to yields for rows unaffected by the variable. Asillustrated in FIG. 41, the harvest monitor may display a harvesting mapscreen 1950 in which the corn head 16 is illustrated traveling over aplanting map consisting of planted rows 1954. The cross-hatched rowsdesignated 1954-1 and 1954-2 represent “pinch rows” planted between twoplanter tires. Tire compaction on both sides of a planted row has beenempirically shown to affect yield in the row. The identity of the pinchrows is preferably recorded in the planting file provided by theoperator in the setup phase described herein. Whenever a combine rowunit (e.g., the third row unit in FIG. 41) harvests a pinch row, theaverage yield Ypr from the pinch rows is recorded. When the combine hasharvested all or a portion of a field resulting in a total yield Yt, theharvest monitor 200 preferably calculates the yield loss Yd associatedwith tire tracks by subtracting Ypr from Yt.

It should be appreciated in light of the instant disclosure thatalthough correlation of yield with planting process variables recordedin planting files is discussed herein, similar methods could be used tocorrelate yield with variables related to post- or pre-plantingcultivation activities. For example, rows affected by tire compactionfrom post-planting field activity could be identified in a cultivationactivity file such that overall yield could be compared to yield fromrows affected by post-planting tire compaction.

The foregoing description is presented to enable one of ordinary skillin the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the contextof a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications tothe preferred embodiment of the apparatus, and the general principlesand features of the system and methods described herein will be readilyapparent to those of skill in the art. Thus, the present invention isnot to be limited to the embodiments of the apparatus, system andmethods described above and illustrated in the drawing figures, but isto be accorded the widest scope consistent with the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for providing improvements inagricultural science by determining yield values based on stalk-specificmeasurements collected by an agricultural combine harvester whiletraversing a field, the method comprising: receiving, from a first stalksensor associated with a first combine row unit of an agriculturalcombine harvester, a first signal that indicates a position of the firststalk sensor relative to a first stalk; in response to receiving thefirst signal: contacting the first stalk from a first side with a firstfeeler, the first feeler rotatably mounted to the first stalk sensor;contacting the first stalk from a second side with a second feeler, thesecond feeler rotatably mounted to the first stalk sensor; measuring afirst displacement of the first feeler; measuring a second displacementof the second feeler; and determining a first stalk diameter based onthe first displacement and the second displacement; generating, anddisplaying using a computer display device, a first yield map thatdepicts associations between the first stalk diameter and the positionof the first stalk.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: movinga second stalk sensor associated with a second combine row unit of theagricultural combine harvester past a second stalk in the field, thesecond stalk sensor generating a second signal related to a position ofthe second stalk sensor relative to the second stalk; storing the secondsignal in memory; determining a second stalk diameter of the secondstalk based on the second signal; determining a geo-referenced positionof the second stalk based on a second offset from the second stalksensor to a global positioning receiver; storing in memory a secondassociation between the second stalk diameter and the geo-referencedposition of the second stalk; measuring a quantity of grain harvested bythe agricultural combine harvester with a yield sensor; determining ayield amount based on the quantity of grain; associating the yieldamount with a region of the field; storing in memory a partial allotmentof the yield amount to the region of the field based on stalk diametermeasurements, wherein the region is specified using the geo-referencedposition of the first stalk; and generating, and displaying, a secondyield map associating a graphical representation of the region of thefield and the partial allotment of the yield amount.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising: receiving, from a second stalk sensorassociated with a second combine row unit of the agricultural combineharvester, the second signal that indicates a position of the secondstalk sensor relative to a second stalk; determining stalk diametermeasurements and stalk measurement locations based on, at least in part,the first signal and the second signal; based on, at least in part, thestalk diameter measurements and the stalk measurement locations,determining at least one yield value for a region of the field; whereinthe at least one yield value are determined by correlating the stalkdiameter measurements and the stalk measurement locations; generating,and displaying using a computer display device, a first yield map thatdepicts associations between the stalk diameter measurements, the stalkmeasurement locations and the at least one yield value.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: generating an electromagnetic field;detecting the electromagnetic field; intercepting the electromagneticfield with the first stalk over a time interval; and determining a firststalk diameter based on speed of the agricultural combine harvesterduring the time interval or a position of the agricultural combineharvester during the time interval.
 5. The method of claim 3, furthercomprising: using with a yield sensor, measuring a quantity of grainharvested by the agricultural combine harvester; determining a yieldamount based on the quantity of grain; associating the yield amount witha region of the field; moving the first stalk sensor past a subsequentstalk of a row unit, the first stalk sensor; generating a subsequentsignal, the subsequent signal related to a position of the first stalksensor relative to the subsequent stalk; storing the subsequent signalin memory; determining a diameter of the subsequent stalk based on thesubsequent signal; associating the yield amount with the region of thefield based on a first stalk diameter and a subsequent stalk diameter;and generating, and displaying, a third yield map that provides agraphical representation of the region of the field and the at least oneyield value.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: displayingharvest data on a display screen located in the agricultural combineharvester, wherein the harvest data is determined based on the firststalk diameter.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the harvest dataincludes the first stalk diameter.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein theharvest data includes a portion of yield attributable to the row unitassociated with the first stalk sensor.
 9. The method of claim 6,wherein the harvest data includes an economic loss value; wherein theharvest data includes a statistical variation in stalk diametermeasurements.
 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising: associatingthe at least one yield value with a region of the field, wherein the atleast one yield value is determined based on the stalk diametermeasurements.
 11. A stalk sensor system for providing improvements inagricultural science by determining yield values based on stalk-specificmeasurements collected by an agricultural combine harvester whiletraversing a field, comprising: a first stalk sensor; a second stalksensor; a yield sensor; and processing circuitry configured to perform:receiving, from a first stalk sensor associated with a first combine rowunit of an agricultural combine harvester, a first signal that indicatesa position of the first stalk sensor relative to a first stalk; inresponse to receiving the first signal: contacting the first stalk froma first side with a first feeler, the first feeler rotatably mounted tothe first stalk sensor; contacting the first stalk from a second sidewith a second feeler, the second feeler rotatably mounted to the firststalk sensor; measuring a first displacement of the first feeler;measuring a second displacement of the second feeler; and determining afirst stalk diameter based on the first displacement and the seconddisplacement; generating, and displaying using a computer displaydevice, a first yield map that depicts associations between the firststalk diameter and the position of the first stalk.
 12. The stalk sensorsystem of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to perform: moving a second stalk sensor associated with asecond combine row unit of the agricultural combine harvester past asecond stalk in the field, the second stalk sensor generating a secondsignal related to a position of the second stalk sensor relative to thesecond stalk; storing the second signal in memory; determining a secondstalk diameter of the second stalk based on the second signal;determining a geo-referenced position of the second stalk based on asecond offset from the second stalk sensor to a global positioningreceiver; storing in memory a second association between the secondstalk diameter and the geo-referenced position of the second stalk;measuring a quantity of grain harvested by the agricultural combineharvester with a yield sensor; determining a yield amount based on thequantity of grain; associating the yield amount with a region of thefield; storing in memory a partial allotment of the yield amount to theregion of the field based on stalk diameter measurements, wherein theregion is specified using the geo-referenced position of the firststalk; and generating, and displaying, a second yield map associating agraphical representation of the region of the field and the partialallotment of the yield amount.
 13. The stalk sensor system of claim 12,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform:receiving, from a second stalk sensor associated with a second combinerow unit of the agricultural combine harvester, the second signal thatindicates a position of the second stalk sensor relative to a secondstalk; determining stalk diameter measurements and stalk measurementlocations based on, at least in part, the first signal and the secondsignal; based on, at least in part, the stalk diameter measurements andthe stalk measurement locations, determining at least one yield valuefor a region of the field; wherein the at least one yield value aredetermined by correlating the stalk diameter measurements and the stalkmeasurement locations; generating, and displaying using a computerdisplay device, a first yield map that depicts associations between thestalk diameter measurements, the stalk measurement locations and the atleast one yield value.
 14. The stalk sensor system of claim 11, whereinthe processing circuitry is further configured to perform: generating anelectromagnetic field; detecting the electromagnetic field; interceptingthe electromagnetic field with the first stalk over a time interval; anddetermining a first stalk diameter based on speed of the agriculturalcombine harvester during the time interval or a position of theagricultural combine harvester during the time interval.
 15. The stalksensor system of claim 13, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to perform: using with a yield sensor, measuring a quantityof grain harvested by the agricultural combine harvester; determining ayield amount based on the quantity of grain; associating the yieldamount with a region of the field; moving the first stalk sensor past asubsequent stalk of a row unit, the first stalk sensor; generating asubsequent signal, the subsequent signal related to a position of thefirst stalk sensor relative to the subsequent stalk; storing thesubsequent signal in memory; determining a diameter of the subsequentstalk based on the subsequent signal; associating the yield amount withthe region of the field based on a first stalk diameter and a subsequentstalk diameter; and generating, and displaying, a third yield map thatprovides a graphical representation of the region of the field and theat least one yield value.
 16. The stalk sensor system of claim 15,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform:displaying harvest data on a display screen located in the agriculturalcombine harvester, wherein the harvest data is determined based on thefirst stalk diameter.
 17. The stalk sensor system of claim 16, whereinthe harvest data includes the first stalk diameter.
 18. The stalk sensorsystem of claim 16, wherein the harvest data includes a portion of yieldattributable to the row unit associated with the first stalk sensor. 19.The stalk sensor system of claim 16, wherein the harvest data includesan economic loss value; wherein the harvest data includes a statisticalvariation in stalk diameter measurements.
 20. The stalk sensor system ofclaim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured toperform: associating the at least one yield value with a region of thefield, wherein the at least one yield value is determined based on thestalk diameter measurements.